Isaac w



(No Model) I. W. HEYSINGER; HAIR GRIMPBR AND THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURE.

No. 440,154. Patented Nov, 11', 1890.

INVENTOR NrrED STATES i ATENT FFICE.

ISAAC TV. HEYSIN GER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE PHILADELPHIA NOVELTY MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

HAlR-CRIMPER AND THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 440,154, dated November 11, 1890.

Application filed April 20, 1886. Serial No. 1993, 262. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ISAAC W. HEYSINGER, of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Hair-Crimpers and in the Method of ManufactureThereof, of which thefollowing isa full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the drawings accompanying and formto ing a part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 is a perspective View of a sheet of crimper-stuif out of which I cut or punch my crimpers, showing the subdivisions into which I divide the sheet preparatory to cutting it I 5 up into crimpers. Fig. 2 is a strip or subdivision of the sheet shown in Fig. 1, showing it divided in part by cross-lines to show the manner in which the crimpers are cut off separately, and also shows at E a single crimper thus detached. Fig. 3 shows in an enlarged form a crimper ready for use. Fig. 3 shows the method of use by bending the ends of the crimper around a strand of hair which is to be crimped, curled, or frizzed.

Fig. 4 shows asimilarcrimperin which textile fabric or the like is applied to one side of the metal sheet only, the other being left plain or finished with varnish or other like surface; and Fig. 5, a similar crimper having an en 0 larged middle portion.

The lettering in all the figures is uniform.

The object of myinvent-ion is to produce a flexible non-elastic metal hair-crimper having its sides protected by a coating of com- 3 5 position, paint, varnish, fabric, or the like to render the article more agreeable to handle, larger in bulk, and less liable to break the hair than if no such coating were used, and to produce such a hair-crimper at a lower cost 0 and in larger quantity than can readily be done by the slower processes now in use, and also to improve the method of manufacture of this hair-crimper so that no skilled labor shall be required, and in which the crimpers 4 5 shallbe of uniform size, stiffness, and quality.

My hair-crimper, which forms the subject of my present invention, consists substantially of a strip of soft non-elastic metal, which may be large or small or of any form ,0 required, to the sides of which is attached by a flexible but firm attachment a coating of paint, varnish, paper, felt, cloth, composition, or like substance, which overlies the entire surface, but does not necessarily extend over the edges of the strip which forms the crimper, 5 5 though it may do so if desired. Iusually apply the coating to both sides of the metallic strip, but do not always do so, as a coating of cloth on one side may be the only protection requisite; or I may use cloth or paper on one side and paper or composition 011 the other, orI may use material of different colors on the opposite sides orleave one side entirely plain. iVhere the edges are thus uncovered the metal strip will be seen extending along the edge of the crimper; but as the strands of hair draw around the corners which are protected no injury will result. It is a matter of great importance that these coatings shall be very securely attached to the metal strip, as if connection be broken, the coverings will have a tendency to warp over to the sides as the hair is wrapped around them, and the form and crimping qualities will be more or less impaired.

The means which I prefer and the method of manufacture is as follows: I take a sheet of soft non-elastic metal of a proper thickness, which maybe lead, copper, tin,annealed iron, soft brass, or the like, and of consider- 8o able size. I cover this sheet above and below with a coating of composition, paint, varnish, felt, muslin, or paper, which I cement to the sheet by a strong flexible cement or varnish. The mostsecure attachmentis made by vulcanizing the covering to the metal by a cement of india-rubber in a vulcanizingbath. This makes a joint which will never separate if properly done. There are other elastic cements and varnishes well known in 0 the arts which maybe used, or rows of stitches 0r indented folds may be used 5 but I do not recommend them. I sometimes use a minutely-perforated sheet of metal, so that the cement of the coverings may strike through 5 the holes and unite the coatings directly to each other as well as to the metal sheet; or in lieu of such perforations I emboss or'figure the surfaces, so as to add to the finish, bulk, and adhesion of the covering.

IOO

Instead of applying a coating of fabric, I sometimes use a soft nicely-finished paper, made up in imitation of leather, for instance, and I also surface the metal plate with oil and pulverized cork, 850., or other composition, making a coating like oil-cloth or linoleum, or I use a simple covering of elastic paint or varnish flocked overlike some wall-papers or left plain. In such cases I emboss or figure the surfaces, as desired,before cutting up into erimpers.

Having thus prepared my sheet, when I prefer to cut my erimpers from a sheet I use the following method of turning it into erimpers: For ordinary straight erimperssuch as are shown in Fig. 2-I cut my sheet into longitudinal strips as wide as the crimpers are intended to be long. If covered with cloth, I prefer to out these strips so as to run bias to the woof; but this is not essential, though it adds elasticity and durability to the crimper. These long strips are then run into a shearingmachine almost precisely like those used in nail machinery, in which a rotating or reciprocating knife at each revolution cuts off one crimper from the end, the feed being so gaged against a head-block as to insure an equal width for each out. It will be seen that after the erimpers are chipped off, which may be done at the rate of two hundred to four hundred per minute, nothing is necessary but to bundle up and boX the erimpers, when they are ready for the market. I prefer to make these coverings in such colors as will match the hair-for instance, brown, black, or blonde. For cutting the erimpers shown in Fig. 5 or any crimper having a swollen body, I punch them out of the sheet in an ordinary punching-press, like metal blanks.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 shows a sheet of crimper-stuff A, which consists, as shown along the margins, of the metal plate 0, soft, non-elastic, and thin, and above and below it the coverings B and B, which are painted, varnished, vulcanized, or otherwise securely cemented or attached to the upper and under side of the metallic sheet 0. The sheet A may be of any convenient size, from a few inches to a width of two or three feet and a length of a hundred or more. Itis divided upon the lines D D D into a series of parallel stripsB B B, which have a width equal to the length of E. (Shown in Fig. 3.) These cuts are made by running the sheet through suitably graduated cutting-rolls. In Fig. 2 one of these strips 13 is shown after it has been separated from the sheet A. This is further subdivided by cutting it upon the lines E E E into small strips or erimpers, which are shown at E, Fig. 2, and in an enlarged form at E, Fig. 3.

The method of using the crimper is shown in Fig. 3. The ends are bent under atJ J and serve to hold a strand of hair from unrolling until it has received a permanent set.

The hair is usually rolled up moist and is dry when opened.

I sometimes, as shown in Fig. 4, only cover the metal on one side, finishing the other in lacquer or other style. NVhen polished brass is used, as I sometimes do, it makes a very pretty effect in either style, and especially in that shown in Fig. 5, which I also sometimes cover in whole or part with rubber, celluloid, or other material of an ornamental character. For a large, wide, fiat crimper sometimes the size is too great to allow sufficient flexibility of the metal. In such case I taper off the ends, as shown in Fig. 5, and these I punch out of the sheet A without waste, just as envelopes are matched in the cutting.

It will be seen that these erimpers may be produced very rapidly and of an exceedingly ornate appearance and at a low cost. Ivary the style, design,color, texture, and material according to the special requirements of the manufacture without departing from the essential principles of my invention as herein shown, described, and claimed. I also sometimes use the material and method of manufacture for other analogous or suitable purposes to which it may be applicable by the use of such present knowledge as may be common to skilled mechanics and artisans.

I do not in this application specifically claim a hair-crimper composed of a central inelastic core-strip and a covering of strips of paper longitudinally applied thereto, the whole cemented together; nor do I claim in this application such core-strips having perforations or such strips of paper having marginal edges extending beyond the sides of said soft-metal core-strip,the whole cemented together; nor do I claim such paper strips cemented together and covering such softmetal core-strip upon opposite sides thereto, said strips different from each other in color or having embossed or figured outer surfaces, as I have embraced claims for such parts of my invention in a divisional application separated from this original application and bearin g dated April 24,1890, Serial No. 34:9,259, and in my present application I confine myself to the subject-matter of the claims hereinbelow set forth.

Having now described my invention, what I I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s-

1. A hair-crimper consisting of a soft flexi ble non-elastic fiat metal strip 0, in combination with the coverings B and B, of paint, varnish, composition, or the like, applied to the upper and under surfaces of the said strip 0, and having said surfaces embossed or figured, substantially as described.

2. In combination with the soft-metal strip 0, the non-metallic covering B or its equivalent, cemented to the said strip 0 by an elastic cement or vulcanization, said cement or vulcanization forming an impermeable coating, and having the surfaces of said strip and said covering embossed or figured, substantially as described.

3. The method of manufacturing haircrimpers, consisting of applying to a thin sheet of soft non-elastic metal a coveringof paint,

varnish, or other suitable material or com position firmly adherent thereto, then dividing the said sheet into strips of a suitable Width to make one or more crimpers, and finally shearing up these subdivisions transversely into finished crimpers, substantially as described.

4. A hair-crimper consisting of a fiat strip of soft metal and a non-metallic covering of paint, varnish, composition, or the like applied to one or bot-h sides thereof and secured 

